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                <text>In a world increasingly plagued by anthropogenic heat due to airborne emissions, the mitigation of such emissions is all the more effective when carried out by entities with more sway. Moreover, trees provide a critical sink of greenhouse gases through their utilization of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and thus are crucial in analyzing the harms of emissions generated by Vassar College, a campus classified as an arboretum. As students and residents of Vassar, a school of almost 2,500, we set out to research the carbon sequestration capabilities of its standing biomass and, in conjunction, the magnitude of its CO2 emissions to quantify the necessity of a cutback in its emissions.</text>
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                <text>The production of electricity is known to be a gargantuan contributor to global climate change. In 2018, it was responsible for approximately 41% of all global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, amounting to a total of 13.6 billion tons of CO2 emissions (Naimoli, &amp; Ladislaw, 2020). One large consumer of electricity is lighting, especially on Vassar’s campus. We analyzed electricity use in dormitories to estimate related CO2 emissions and recommend ways to reduce Vassar’s carbon footprint. That way, we could make recommendations for ways to reduce Vassar’s carbon footprint through reducing the electricity consumption.</text>
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                <text>Vassar College lacks a comprehensive inventory of its trees or estimates of their carbon sequestration, making it difficult to assess the campus's net carbon emissions. Yet trees play acritical role in climate regulation by storing carbon in their biomass and sequestering it annually through growth. This project quantifies carbon storage and annual sequestration in a sample of campus trees and scales the findings to estimate total carbon offsets.</text>
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                <text>Balance in ecosystems is both crucial and fragile. When one species experiences population flux, others change in response. Often, dramatic population change can lead to permanent alteration of ecosystems. Human activity is a major driving force in these changes. Infrastructure, chemical use, and other practices can decrease certain populations, which leads to subsequent disruption in other species. In Poughkeepsie, the Canada goose is one such species that is currently overpopulated, possibly due to endangerment of predator groups. They have a resident population in many of Vassar College’s water bodies. Because of their unprecedented eco-systemic prevalence, the geese put the rest of these water bodies’ balance under stress; when a large group of geese settles in one region, their fecal matter can be especially dangerous for the nutrient levels of that region’s water. High nutrient contamination can cause harmful algal blooms that block out sunlight and decrease dissolved oxygen content. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the high Canada goose population impacts nutrient levels, organic matter content, and overall water quality of Vassar College’s ponds and lakes.</text>
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                <text>Invasive vines such as Oriental Bittersweet have proliferated across the Northeastern United States (Kurtz 2018). These vines wrap around and strangle trees, block sunlight from reaching the undercanopy, and hinder animal (including human) activity (Delisle 2018). Vassar College, located in Poughkeepsie, New York, is not immune to the problems of invasive vines; of particular concern are species such as Oriental Bittersweet, Porcelain Berry, and English Ivy, which crowd out native species, ultimately degrading local ecosystems and their integrity. The Preserve at Vassar has worked to treat the invasive vine problem by surveying the Preserve, removing vines, and planting native plants to promote healthy ecosystems. On the Vassar campus, however, vine removal occurs only through manual removal by Facilities Operations personnel. Due to understaffing, vine removal cannot occur regularly, methodically, or efficiently (Jager, Lasher, VanCamp, 2024). In this study, we aim to collect more information about where invasive vines are located at Vassar College through a campus survey.</text>
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                <text>Though many capital projects have integrated energy efficiency in a more wholistic manner, there are a myriad of stand-alone energy efficiency projects with attractive financial and environmental benefits worth considering. These energy efficiency updates have the ability to enhance institutional solvency and help Vassar strive well beyond previously set GHG reduction goals. Efficiency projects also have the ability to attract a generation of students who are increasingly concerned with such issues as sustainability, energy use and climate change. This analysis looks to shed light on some of the budding ideas already being discussed on campus, as well as to show some opportunities not yet examined. If energy efficiency was strategically engaged campus-wide over the next 5-10 years, it is forseeable Vassar could both reduce GHG emissions and its utility budget substantially and be at the forefront of climate change mitigation.</text>
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                  <text>Students are what help push initiatives in the Sustainability Office from ideas to action. This collection of projects highlights all of the work Sustainability Interns have contributed to Vassar.</text>
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                <text>Vassar has spent over $100,000 and seven years trying to sub meter the College’s energy use, but has not been able to complete the project.  As a result of subcontractor error, redundant systems, and expired IP addresses the College energy building management system (BMS) has been unable to function as spec’d.  Day Automation, Vassar’s HVAC contractor, provided pro bono consulting to assist the College in understanding the current state of affairs of the hardware and software.  Day Automation also retired Vassar’s redundant BMS, and rerouted all existing energy sub meters into its own system, Continuum.  In the end 72% of the identified issues were immediately fixed by Day Automation’s IT department.  The remaining 28% of issues can be resolved by Day Automation and an electrical contractor in a short timeframe.</text>
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                <text>Multi-criteria Analysis for Vassar’s 2020-2025 Climate Action Plan</text>
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                <text>The Vassar community is not solely interested in the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential of the climate action steps, but also other impacts such as added benefits which provided benefits beyond those that arise from a more stable climate. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) provides one systematic method for decision makers to evaluate a wide range of climate action steps against a set of criteria (Ellen et al. 2016). With limited time and resources, it is critical to prioritize climate action or adaptation options based on factors such as impact, resilience, fiscal viability, and more. An MCA was conducted to holistically evaluate the actions steps proposed in the 2020-2025 Climate Action Plan. The MCA tool is available in a spreadsheet format, titled “Multi-Criteria Analysis -Vassar 2020 CAP”. This report describes the methodology used to develop the MCA, the results, and recommendations. </text>
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