In 1937, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) assigned grades of A, B, C, and D to neighborhoods and land tracts across the U.S. These grades were meant to indicate the perceived risk for homeownership loans, but they were deeply racist and…
This research aimed to look at how Pennsylvania's House voting districts have changed from 2001 to 2022, as there have been accusations of state gerrymandering. The findings show that Pennsylvania's House districts have actually become less irregular…
Black Americans have unequal access to wealth across the U.S., making up 13.6% of households but holding only 4.7% of wealth (U.S. Census Bureau 2022). Redlining, a widespread practice in the 1930s and 1940s, has contributed to this wealth gap, as…
Historical institutions such as museums and zoos have recently come under scrutiny for promoting ideologies of imperialism and exoticism. While museums are repatriating artifacts, zoos must find another restorative approach, as many captive animals…